THE ASSOCIATION OF SELF-EFFICIENCY AND SELF-ESTEEM WITH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ATHLETIC AND NON-ATHLETIC ADOLESCENTS OF MALEKAN TOWN

Social development is a continuous concept as are physical and psychological development which gradually evolves toward perfection. The objective of present study is to examine the association of self-efficiency and self-esteem with social development of male athletic and non-athletic adolescents. The statistical population of present study includes all male students of high schools in Malekan Town. The statistical sample is composed of 110 non-athletic students and 110 athletic students playing in group sports of volleyball, basketball, futsal, handball and football for more than four consecutive years with age range of 16±1.5 years who are selected through random cluster sampling. The instruments of data collection in the present study are Weitzman's social development standard (1991), Coopersmith self-esteem inventory (1967). In addition, the measurement of self-efficiency is done through general self-efficacy scale (Sherer et.al, 1982). The results of present study show that self-esteem and self-efficiency have significantly positive association with social development.   Article visualizations

Selection of Conductive Composite Through Weighed Normalized Fuzzy Method in Order to be used in Electrostatics Filters Absorbing Plates

In this paper, due to some problems deriving from using multiple inputs in fuzzy logic procedure, a simpler high demanding method, which can eliminate some complicated fuzzy membership functions trends is represented. This method is so-called weighed normalized fuzzy method. Despite simple calculations used in the method and user capability to use fuzzy membership functions, ranking utilized in this method is as authentic as other conventional fuzzy logic procedures. Regarding suitable properties of composites which can solve problems happening due to intrinsic characteristic of materials used in electrostatic precipitators, in this investigation wide spectrum of resins and fibres used in manufacturing conductive composites is studied. In addition, some of them are selected through material selection methods with regard to their attributes and high conductivity property, which is suitable for absorbing plates. Selecting best conductive composites among considered conductive composites through this novel method is the final aim of this paper. The results show that vinyl ester, which belongs to Vinyl Ester Resin Woven Carbon and Glass (VRWCG) series, has the most beneficial specification in comparison with other thermoset resins for this intended application. Moreover, vinyl ester resins show better stability in acidic electro filter media

Izučavanje CFD-om utjecaja brzine mlaza na miješanje i nastajanje mulja u velikim spremnicima sirove nafte

In this paper, computational fluid dynamic modelling was developed to study the effect of the floating jet velocity or submerged rotary jet in sludge prevention in a large crude-oil storage tank. The Euler-Euler method was used in a two-dimensional CFD model to describe oil and sludge flow behaviour at the bottom of the storage tank. By modifying some parameters, the k-e model was used to describe the turbulence of the mixing flow. The results show the effect of jet velocity, angle, and time on the mixing process. By increasing the velocity from 5 m s–1, the mixing pattern significantly changes and improves the mixing of the sludge with crude oil. To evaluate the results, chosen was the sludge profile related to the bottom of the sample tank, and modelling results showed an 80 cm reduction in thickness of the sludge, which corresponds well to the profile of the bottom of the tank. In addition, the y+ axis indicated that the amounts at all points were less than 300, which is acceptable in two-phase modelling. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Računalnom dinamikom fluida modeliran je utjecaj brzine mlaza potopljene rotacijske mlazne miješalice na nastajanje mulja u velikim spremnicima nafte. U dvodimezionalnom CFD modelu primijenjena je Euler-Eulerova metoda za opisivanje toka nafte i mulja na dnu spremnika. Uz promjenu nekih parametara modelom k-e opisana je turbulencija toka miješanja. Rezultati pokazuju da na miješanje utječu brzina mlaza, kut i vrijeme miješanja. Povećanjem brzine od 5 m s–1 način miješanja znatno se mijenja i poboljšano je miješanje mulja sa sirovom naftom. Rezultati su procijenjeni proučavanjem odabranog profila mulja na dnu spremnika uzorka, a modeliranje pokazuje smanjenje debljine sloja mulja za 80 cm, što se slaže s profilom dna spremnika. Os y+ u svim točkama pokazuje iznose manje od 300, što je prihvatljivo u dvofaznom modeliranju. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

The Effect of Operational Cutting Parameters on Nitinol-60 in Wire Electrodischarge Machining

Shape memory alloys are a kind of active materials, which have significant characteristics in comparison with other alloys. Since these materials are applicable in different fields such as aerospace, automobile industry, medicine, and dentistry, the effects of wire electrodischarge machining on the properties of these alloys have been studied. In this paper, changes in the shape recovery ability and microhardness of the machined surface of Nitonol-60 shape memory alloy have been studied considering recasting and formation of resolidificated layer on the shape memory alloy surface. XRD and EDXA analyses of the surface layer of the sample besides a microscopic study of the shape memory alloy layer by SEM and a study of the changes in mechanical properties of the surface layer were done by performing microhardness and tension tests on the work piece surface. Considering the surface layer, reversible strain has been studied according to the shape recovery percentage of Nitinol-60 shape memory alloy. Results show that the surface layer formed on the surface of the samples has caused changes in both physical and mechanical properties of the cut surface because of the penetration of the separated materials in comparison with deeper layers of the piece

Modelling and investigating the effect of input parameters on surface roughness in electrical discharge machining of CK45

Obrada električnim pražnjenjem je neuobičajeni postupak strojne obrade u kojemu se sukcesivno iskrenje primjenjuje u obradi materijala koji provode elektricitet. Svaka promjena parametara električnog pražnjenja rezultira promjenom površinske hrapavosti uzoraka. Obrada elektičnim pražnjenjem se uspješno primjenjuje kod materijala visoke tvrdoče ili kada se za skidanje čestica teško mogu primijeniti tradicionalne metode. Nadalje, ova se metoda uvelike primjenjuje u aeroindustriji, proizvodnji automobila, oblikovanju, izradi alata. CK45 je važan čelik u industriji i obrada električnim pražnjenjem može se za njega smatrati odgovarajućom zbog postizanja visoke tvrdoće nakon toplinske obrade postupkom električnog pražnjenja. Optimizacija površinske hrapavosti kao izlazni parametar kao i parametri postupka električnim pražnjenjem uključujući struju, napon i frekvenciju, analizirani su primjenom alata od bakra i kerozena kao dielektrika. U tu svrhu, te kako bi se postigla uspješna statistička analiza eksperimentalnih rezultata, primijenjen je plan pokusa te ne-linearna metoda regresije za procjenu površinske hrapavosti. Zatim su se rezultati analizirali pomoću metode ANOVA te odredili parametri obrade s više učinka na željeni rezultat. Na kraju, dobiven je matematički model za površinsku hrapavost.Electrical discharge machining is an unconventional machining process in which successive sparks are applied to machine the electrically conductive materials. Any changes in electrical discharge machining parameters lead to the pieces with distinct surface roughness. The electrical discharge machining process is well applied for high hardness materials or when it is difficult to use traditional techniques to do material removing. Furthermore, this method is widely applied in industries such as aerospace, automobile, moulding, and tool making. CK45 is one of important steels in industry and electrical discharge machining can be considered as a proper way for its machining because of high hardness of CK45 after thermal operation of the electrical discharge machining process. Optimization of surface roughness as an output parameter as well as electrical discharge machining parameters including current, voltage and frequency for electrical discharge machining of CK45 have been studied using copper tools and kerosene as the dielectric. For such a purpose and to achieve the precise statistical analysis of the experiment results design of experiment was applied while non-linear regression method was chosen to assess the response of surface roughness. Then, the results were analysed by means of ANOVA method and the machining parameters with more effects on the desired outputs were determined. Finally, mathematical model was obtained for surface roughness

Baseline executive functions and receiving cognitive rehabilitation can predict treatment response in people with opioid use disorder

TR and AF have received supports from the Cognitive Science and Technologies Council (CSTC) of Iran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) for the ongoing Clinical Trial with NECOREDA.Background Impaired cognitive functions, particularly executive function, predicts poor treatment success in people with substance use disorders. The current study investigated the effect of receiving adjunct cognitive rehabilitation and baseline executive function (EF) measures on treatment response among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Method The analysis sample consisted of 113 participants with OUD who were discharged from a compulsory court-mandated methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and followed for 3 months. We used the Backward digit span/Auditory verbal learning, Stroop, and Trail making tests to assess the three measures of EF, including working memory, inhibition, and shifting, respectively. Treatment response was operationalized as (1) treatment retention and (2) the number of positive urine tests for morphine during 3-month follow-up periods. The study used Cox's proportional hazards model and linear mixed model to identify predictive factors. Results Lower Stroop interference scores predicted increased length of stay in treatment (χ2 = 33.15, P < 0.001). The linear mixed model showed that scores on auditory verbal learning test and group intervention predicted the number of positive urine tests during a 3-month follow-up. Conclusion Working memory and inhibitory control, as well as receiving cognitive rehabilitation, could be potentially considered as predictors of treatment response for newly MMT admitted patients with OUD. Assessment of EF before treatment initiation may inform treatment providers about patient's cognitive deficits that may interfere with therapeutic interventions.PostprintPeer reviewe

Evaluation of demographic features of acute drug poisoning with Benzodiazepines; a cross – sectional study

Background: Poisoning is one of the important social problems in developing countries, and acute poisoning due to suicide by drug overdose or toxins is one of the most common cases of poisoning that requires emergency care. This study was aimed to determine the demographics of benzodiazepines poisoned patients in one of the referral centers for poisoning in Iran.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who referred to the poisoning emergency ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital from April 2015 to March 2016. Among 10624 patients who referred to the hospital at the study period, 2543 of them were poisoned by benzodiazepines. A total of 263 patients were selected randomly and were assessed for age, gender and the type of the benzodiazepine. The data were analyzed by version 15 of SPSS software.Results: Among 263 patients, 127 were males (48.2%) and 136 were females (51.7%). The mean age of patients was 31 years old with a range of 13 – 80 years old. In addition, most patients were in the age of between 18 to 35 years (n = 152). In this study, 91 patients (34.6%) were single-drug poisoned with benzodiazepines and 172 cases (65.4%) were poisoned by multi-drug regimens including benzodiazepines. Between different types of benzodiazepines, the most common type was Alprazolam and the least common benzodiazepine was Oxazepam. Almost 96% of patients (n = 252) were treated successfully and 8 patients (3%) got discharged with self-consent. Furthermore, the mortality rate was approximately 1% (n = 3).Conclusion: Benzodiazepines poisoning is common in younger patients; thus, close attentions are needed for the prescription of these drugs in young patients. Considering easy access to benzodiazepines in the community, periodic visits to psychiatrists may be useful for the reduction of benzodiazepine poisoning

Study on water quality parameters of Linggi and Melaka rivers catchments in Malaysia

The Linggi and Melaka rivers catchments are among the most significant watersheds in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. However, Malaysia is a tropical country with approximately similar seasonal climate, in the monsoon period, water level of catchment is different. Recently in the supposed domain, due to raising the population and expanding urban areas, demand for water consumption is increased gradually. On the other hand, problem of water pollutions due to industrial activities have been signed out. Therefore, study on water quality and sources of pollutions in these regions became vital for public and private sections. This study was conducted to assess the water quality conditions in both rivers catchments. The observed water quality data for 5 years period (2004-2008) were obtained from Departments of Environments’ water quality monitoring stations in Malaysia. Statistical analyses have been carried out on three water quality constituents which are BOD5, NH3-N and TSS. The observed data were compared with the water quality criteria to identify the water quality violation level in both river catchments. Furthermore, the differences in water quality between base and storm flow events were examined using Box and Whisker Plots. Results of this study indicate that TSS and NH3-N are the primary causes for water quality impairment in Linggi River with concentration of about 78.3% and 81.8% respectively. However, for Melaka catchment, TSS is identified as the main cause of water quality impairment, when 64.4% of the total water samples exceed the standard. There are some point sources and non-point sources of water quality impacts in both watersheds. The results of this study would be contributed to development of best management practices for the Linggi and Melaka catchments and similar study areas

Aag-initiated base excision repair promotes ischemia reperfusion injury in liver, brain, and kidney

Inflammation is accompanied by the release of highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that damage DNA, among other cellular molecules. Base excision repair (BER) is initiated by DNA glycosylases and is crucial in repairing RONS-induced DNA damage; the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag/Mpg) excises several DNA base lesions induced by the inflammation-associated RONS release that accompanies ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Using mouse I/R models we demonstrate that Aag[superscript −/−] mice are significantly protected against, rather than sensitized to, I/R injury, and that such protection is observed across three different organs. Following I/R in liver, kidney, and brain, Aag[superscript −/−] mice display decreased hepatocyte death, cerebral infarction, and renal injury relative to wild-type. We infer that in wild-type mice, Aag excises damaged DNA bases to generate potentially toxic abasic sites that in turn generate highly toxic DNA strand breaks that trigger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) hyperactivation, cellular bioenergetics failure, and necrosis; indeed, steady-state levels of abasic sites and nuclear PAR polymers were significantly more elevated in wild-type vs. Aag[superscript −/−] liver after I/R. This increase in PAR polymers was accompanied by depletion of intracellular NAD and ATP levels plus the translocation and extracellular release of the high-mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1) nuclear protein, activating the sterile inflammatory response. We thus demonstrate the detrimental effects of Aag-initiated BER during I/R and sterile inflammation, and present a novel target for controlling I/R-induced injury.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01-CA055042)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01-CA149261)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P30-ES02109)Ellison Medical Foundatio

HIV Programs in Iran (Persia), Iraq and Saudi Arabia: A Brief Review of Current Evidence in West and Southwest Asia

Background: In Western and Southwest Asia, literature is not documented on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) programs in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The present study is the first brief review that describes HIV programs in these three neighboring countries.Methods: Data regarding the evidence of HIV programs were gathered through a systematic literature searching. English publications were retrieved through searching online scientific databases. Grey literature was also searched online. The review was based on the studies related to the last decade.Findings: Systematic searching resulted in retrieving 21,948 studies but only 21 studies were relevant to the study aim. The review findings indicated that Iran has provided a nationwide sero-surveillance data system and has identified its key populations. Detecting HIV prevalence has been limited to case-finding in Iraq and Saudi Arabia. However, strategic plans for HIV have been provided in the three countries. HIV education, knowledge and support have been provided but still needs consideration in the three countries especially in Iraq. The low coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has remained a critical gap in the provision of comprehensive HIV programs in these three countries. This issue has been followed by the lack of opiate substitution therapies for drug dependents and injecting drug users in Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Condom promotion and voluntary HIV counselling and testing have been provided for at-risk groups in the three countries but need more nationwide coverages. However, needle and syringe programs (NSPs) have been only provided in Iran.Conclusion: The review concluded that the provision of effective HIV programs should address training human resources and infrastructural development. This issue should be facilitated by international collaborations and governmental supports